(See also the original article in Telegraph misquoting my clear written statement – https://claverton-energy.com/they-work-and-are-quick-to-build-let-the-wind-blow-daily-telegraph-thursday-july-16th.html
andhttps://claverton-energy.com/two-terawatts-average-power-output-the-uk-offshore-wind-resource.html )
Obviously a) ignoring mismatches between supply and demand which can be dealt with in a variety of proven ways and b) obviously you wouldn’t in fact build them in one square, (this is just for illustration) but rather in lines only about 2 deep.
Data
A 5 MW turbine rotor diameter is 126m ( from the Repower website http://www.repower.de/index.php?id=12&L=1 )
According to Martin Alder, Optimum Energy, a wind farm owner and developer:
Across wind turbine spacing = 3 x dia (Assume tower to tower)
Down wind turbine spacing = 5 x dia
According to Colin Palmer, of Wind Prospect, a leading wind farm developer, load factors of 30 – 35% onshore, and 40% offshore are readilly achievalbe.
So assume 33%.
Calculation
Take a 70 mile by 70 mile square. This equals 112 km by 112 km
So downwind, turbine spacing (tower to tower) will be 126 x 3 = 378m. Thus in 70 miles / 112 km we can accommodate (112 x 1000 / 378 ) +1 = 297.3 towers (allowing half blade length to protrude out of area at edges).
Similarly, cross wind, we need 5 x 126 = 630 m. Thus in 70 miles / 112 km we can accommodate (112 x 1000 /630) +1 = 178.8 towers (again allowing half blade length to protrude out of area at edges).
Thus a 70 mile by 70 mile square can accommodate 297.3 x 178.8 = 53,157 turbines..
At 5 MW each, these will generate at peak 265.7 GW.
Assuming reasonable sites and a 1/3 , 33% load factor, this will generate on average 79.73 GW.
Note: The issue of matching a variable supply to a varying demand, and what do do when there is no wind, is dealt with in numerous articles on the Claverton Web Site, and this compressed note from Dr Mark Barrett – it is a an issue that can be dealt with at an affordable price with perfectly well known and exisitng methods:
from Dr Mark Barrett:
” Matching demand and supply can be done with:
1. Demand interruption, fuel switching
2. Storage heat/elec /chemical in fridges, EVs, HW tanks, CHP heat,
pumped storage, existing hydro, chemical fuels etc etc.
3. Dispatchable renewable (biomass, hydro…) and fossil
4. Transmission (ie European Supergrid) connecting large geographic areas, as a diversifier and facilitator
Route is to develop 1-4 on least cost path. Retain existing fossil and build more if
necessary (e.g. open cycle gas turbines). but maybe not least cost.
This is discussed and modelled in my work and Gregor Czisch’s, though there are
many details to resolve and the 2050 system is impossible to predict, not
least demand.
Renewable electricity system: Feasibility of a high renewable electricity
system
Barrett, M. 2007, A Renewable Electricity System for the UK. In Renewable
Energy and the Grid: The Challenge of Variability, Boyle, G., London:
Earthscan. ISBN-13: 978-1-84407-418-1 (hardback).
http://www.cbes.ucl.ac.uk/projects/energyreview/Bartlett%20Response%20to%20E
http://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/markbarrett/Energy/UKEnergy/UKElectricityGreenLight_100506.ppt
Best wishes
Mark
Dr Mark Barrett, Principal RCUK Academic Research Fellow
Energy Institute, University College London
Room 227, Wilkins Building, North Cloister
Gower St, London WC1E 6BT
Email: Mark.Barrett@ucl.ac.uk
Site : www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/markbarrett/Index.html
Tel UCL: +44 (0)20 7679 2593
Tel Mobile: +44 (0)7837 338297
Tel Home: +44 (0)1206 542596
Skype: MarkAlexBarrett (Mark Barrett)
Dr. Gregor Czisch has intesnively studied integrating large scale wind generation into Europe:
Home
http://transnational-renewables.org/Gregor_Czisch/Home.htm
Publikationen
http://transnational-renewables.org/Gregor_Czisch/veroeffentlichungen.html
Medienspiegel
http://transnational-renewables.org/Gregor_Czisch/Medienspiegel.html
Ausgesuchte Veröffentlichungen
Dissertation: Szenarien zur zukünftigen Stromversorgung
https://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-200604119596/1/DissVersion0502.pdf
Low Cost but Totally Renewable Electricity Supply ..
http://transnational-renewables.org/Gregor_Czisch/projekte/LowCostEuropElSup_revised_for_AKE_2006.pdf
Effects of Large-Scale Distribution of Wind Energy ..
http://transnational-renewables.org/Gregor_Czisch/projekte/Risoe200305.pdf
Global Renewable Energy Potential and Approaches to its Use
http://transnational-renewables.org/Gregor_Czisch/folien/magdeb030901/overview.html
Pleased to see your site.
Dave Andrews article Daily Telegraph July 16th page 5 —
Newspaper says must contact you to replicate article in a FLIER in financing by Private placing for the funding of 600 Mega watt (MG) of power generation that we are planning
Copyright — ? though yours was the most positive of all articles and very encouraging.
Graham, Ian to me
show details 17 Aug (1 day ago) Reply
Morning Dave,
The minimum turbine spacing recommendations are along the same lines as you quoted with 3 blade diameters across wind and 6 blade diameters down wind. As you know this is very general guidelines.
Anything else drop me an email
Kind regards
Ian Graham
Sales Support Engineer
REpower UK Ltd.
7th Floor, The Stamp Office
10 Waterloo Place
Edinburgh
EH1 3EG
United Kingdom
phone: +44 – 131 5585884
fax: +44 – 131 623 9284
mobile: +44 – 7506 405023
e-mail: ian.graham@repower-uk.co.uk
Internet: http://www.repower-uk.co.uk
REpower UK Limited is a private limited company registered in Scotland number SC253885, VAT number GB831626145 with its registered office and principal place of business at 7th Floor, The Stamp Office, Edinburgh, EH1 3EG, United Kingdom.
From: Carter, Michael
Sent: 16 August 2009 11:12
To: Graham, Ian
Subject: FW: turbine spacing for a large wind farm
Hi Ian,
Could you pick up this enquiry please?
Cheers
Mike
Sent: 29 July 2009 17:36
To: Resource Mailbox DE Vertrieb-I
Subject: turbine spacing for a large wind farm
Please confirm turbine spacing for a large wind farm.
I have 3 blade diameters across wind, and 5 down wind?
Thanks
Dave Andrews
—
Dave Andrews
Claverton Energy Group
UK + 44 (0) 755 4452359
http://tx1.fcomet.com/~claverto/cms/